506 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 



flowers); same place, May 1891, T. Tokubnchi (Rowers). Kurile Islands: Ari- 

 moi, Etorofu, July 29, 1884, K. Miyabe (fruits). 



This is the Alpine Alder of Japan and is common on all the higher mountains 

 from the Japanese Alps in Shinano province northward. In Hokkaido and in 

 Saghalien it descends to sea-level. It is always a much branched shrub 1.5 to 5 m. 

 tall and as much in diameter. E. H. W. 



Series b. Firmae Schneider, n. ser. (descriptio in clavi). 



16. AInus firma Siebold & Zuccarini in Ahh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt. 3, 230 (Fl. 

 Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 106) (1846). — Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Xlll. 

 pt. 2, 142, t. 15, fig. 1-9 (Monog. Betulac. 84) (1861). — K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 

 627 (1872). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 457 (pro parte et exclusa 

 var.) (1875). — Dippel, Handh. Laubholzk. II. 146, fig. 69 (1892). — Koehne, 

 Deutsche Dendr. 113 (1893). — CalHer apud Schneider, III. Handh. Laubholzk. I. 

 123, fig. 66 m, 67 a-a^ (1904). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. 11. t. 12, fig. 1-20 

 (1908). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hart. I. 253 (1914). 



Alnus firma, var. typica Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 423 

 (1865); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 183 (pro parte) (1868). 



Alnus Sieboldiana Matsumura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 3, t. 1 

 (Rev. Alni Spec. Jap.) (1902). 



Alnus firma, var. Sieboldiana Winkler in Engler, Pfianzenr. IV.-61, 104, fig. 

 24 D-G (1904). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. IV. 953 

 (1909). — Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 2, 15 (1912). — Bean, Trees & 

 Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 181 (1914). 



JAPAN. Kyushu : open place, lower slopes of Mt. Kirishima, March 6, 1914, 

 E. H. Wilson (No. 6185; bush or small tree 0.6-3 m. tall; flowers); " haud procul 

 a vulcano Aso," P. von Siebold (? type; ex Franchet & Savatier) ; without locality, 

 R. Oldham (fruits) ; island of Yakushima, side of streams, rare, alt. ISO m., February 

 19, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6029; bush 0.9-1.8 m. tall; undeveloped). Hondo: 

 prov. Mikawa, on the shore, August 29, 1905, March 16, 1913 (ex Herb. Sakurai; 

 fruits and flowers); prov. Idzu (ex Herb. Sci. Coll. Univ. Jap.; flowers); Shimoda, 

 hills. May 17, 1855, C. Wright (a large spreading bush; leaves and old fruits); 

 prov. Suraga, Mt. Kuno, only by seaside, March 15, 1911 (ex Herb. Sakurai; 

 flowers, old fruits). 



The typical A. firma is a southern plant growing by the seaside, while the fol- 

 lowing subspecies grows on the mountains and in the more northern parts of Japan. 

 It seems so closely allied to the type that I cannot separate it as a species. 



This is a very common shrub or low scrubby tree in Kyushu and particularly so 

 on the open exposed slopes of Higashi-Kirishima. A picture of this Alder will be 

 found under No. xl05 of the collection of my Japanese photographs. E. H. W. 



Alnus firma, subspec. hirtella Schneider, n. subspec. 

 f Betula Alnus Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 76 (non Linnaeus) (1784). 

 Betula harinoki Siebold in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. XII. 25 (Syn. PI. Oecon. 



Jap.) (nomen nudum) (1830). 

 Alnus firma, var. tT/pica Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 183 (pro parte) 



(1868). 

 Alnus firma, /3 hirtella Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 457 (nomen 



nudum) (1875); II. 502 (1879). 

 Alnus Yasha Matsumura in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 4, t. 2 (1902). — 



CalHer apud Schneider, III. Handb. Laxibholzk. I. 123, fig. 66 n-nS 67 b-ci 



(1904). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. I. 252 (1914). 



