26 THE MARKETING OF WHOLE MILK 



also being sold, and this is the weakness of this method 

 when used alone, namely, that it does not reach all 

 producers. 



The question often arises as to who should regulate. 

 In most instances regulation is done by the cities. The 

 larger cities in particular usually go far beyond state re- 

 quirements. Chicago and Milwaukee, for example, passed 

 their tuberculin test ordinances before such legislation was 

 even seriously contemplated for the entire state, and, as 

 a matter of fact, such legislation has not been passed up 

 to the present time in these states. In 1916 New York 

 maintained a force of twenty country inspectors, three 

 inspectors of city terminals, fifteen inspectors for the city 

 proper and a supervisor for each of the two larger groups, 

 making a force of forty-two men in addition to the neces- 

 sary clerical and laboratory force which the city main- 

 tains. New York City also has elaborate laboratory 

 facilities for this work. All of this is over and above 

 regulatory machinery which the state itself sees fit to 

 maintain. 



There are, however, some disadvantages to city inspec- 

 tion of milk and milk sources. In case of a milk shortage 

 the city authorities are likely to be lax in the enforcement 

 of important health requirements in order to secure the 

 desired supply. Milwaukee, for example, in 1914 allowed 

 milk to come in on the mere promise that the farmers 

 would shortly comply with the requirements. In this 

 way the city hoped to force the boycotting farmers to 

 come to terms. Moreover, in case of milk shortage, the city 

 with the stringent regulations is likely to suffer. In the 

 summer of 1918 the city of Columbus was so short of milk 

 that some dealers were unable to supply all of their cus- 

 tomers. Springfield, however, only forty-four miles away, 



