x CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



Section 7. The Store as a Factor in Milk Distribution 95 



Channels through which milk reaches the consumer, 95; claims 

 regarding the store as a distributor of milk, 95; economy not 

 the only thing to be considered, 96; emergency needs for 

 milk, 96; providing refrigeration, 96; store cannot advan- 

 tageously be eliminated from milk distribution, 97; can 

 store take over entire distribution? 97; daily distribution 

 necessary in case of milk, 97; cash-and-carry system, 98; 

 store cannot take over entire distribution of milk, 98; store 

 margins on milk, 99; price policy for stores, 101 ; milk sales 

 different from other sales, 101. 



Section 8. The Surplus Plan 102 



Nature of surplus, 104-7; milk for city use produced relatively 

 near city, 106; plans for meeting surplus problem, 107; co- 

 operative plants for handling surplus, 107-9; Philadelphia 

 surplus plan, 109; New England plan, no; Akron, Ohio, 

 plan, in; plan proposed for New York City, 112. 



Section g. Cost of Distribution 117 



Source of discussion regarding costs, 117; "costs" and 

 "spread," 118; variation in dealers' margins, 121; varia- 

 tions in costs, 122; relation of costs of handling to specific 

 costs, 123; relation of costs per quart to investments, 124; 

 relation of costs to size of business, 125; costs and relative 

 efficiency of dealers, 125; table of costs, 126-7; costs in eighty 

 Massachusetts plants, 126; costs in Detroit plants, 127-8; 

 cost of labor in Rochester plants, 128; true cost difficult of 

 ascertainment, 129. 



Section 10. Development oj 'the Present System of Distribution 129 



Present system the result of development, 129; still much 

 inefficiency, 129; tendency toward centralization, 130; esti- 

 mated savings of a centralized system, 131-2. 



V. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN THE SALE OF WHOLE MILK: 



Section I. Development of Collective Bargaining 134 



Idea of collective bargaining arose with rise of factory system, 

 134; status under English common law, 134; development 

 in England, 135; development in the United States, 135; col- 



