COLLECTIVE BARGAINING 163 



overcome this difficulty and to save the expense of col- 

 lection, some of the associations have hit upon the plan 

 of having the dealer deduct the commission charge from 

 the amount due each member and remit the amount of 

 such commission in one lump sum each month to the as- 

 sociation. In many instances dealers have readily com- 

 plied, especially when the associations included a large 

 proportion of their patrons. In Milwaukee the large 

 dealers now deduct the commissions from the milk checks 

 of all their milk patrons, whether such patrons are members 

 of the producers' association or not. This is felt to be fair, 

 since the non-member shares in any benefits resulting from 

 the efforts of the association. 



TABLE XXXIII 



Basis upon Which Liquidated Damages are Determined in Seventeen Associations 



Basis 



No. of Associations 



4 cents per gallon on outside sales 



50 cents per cwt. of outside sales 



15 per cent of value of outside sales 



10 per cent of value of outside sales 



All amounts due producer at time of violation 



#5 . oo per cow 



$10.00 per cow 



$35 .00 for failure to live up to contract. 



Forfeiture of capital stock owned 



In a number of sections payment for milk is made 

 directly to the association. This makes possible prorating 

 the returns from milk sold for different purposes and fa- 

 cilitates giving all members equal treatment, even though 

 some milk must at certain seasons be diverted into chan- 

 nels paying less than regular prices. For example, when 

 there is a surplus of milk for city use, and a part is tem- 



