145 CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA 



hairiness; its flowers are distinctly dimorphic, and for the abun- 

 dant production of fruit it is necessary that a long-styled pistil be 

 fertilised by pollen from the long stamens which occur in the 

 flowers where the pistil has a short style ; fertilisation has thus 

 been artificially effected and ripe fruit produced at Edinburgh. 



A remarkable point is the great facility with which even a very 

 small portion of the singular annulated root is capable of producing 

 adventitious buds. This fact was first observed in 1869 by Mr. 

 McNab, Curator of the Edinburgh Botanical Gardens, and has 

 proved of great utility by enabling a large number of young plants 

 to be sent to India, where, in the Eungbi Valley, Sikkim, 3000 

 feet above the sea, a very extensive system of cultivation has been 

 established. Even the leaf -petioles, if placed in suitable soil, are 

 capable of producing buds and rootlets, and the plant has been 

 propagated by this means also. 



Aublet's genera Tapogomea and Carapichea are of older date 

 than Richard's Cephaelis (1775 against 1788), in which, however, 

 they are now both included. Linnaeus' Ourayoga is still older 

 (1737), as from an examination of his imperfect specimen in the 

 British Museum this is a Cephaelis and probably the present species 

 (see Linn. Hort. Cliffort., p. 486). 



DC., Prod., iv, 535 ; Brotero, in Trans. Linn. Soc., vi (1802), 

 p. 137 ; Lindl., Fl. Med., p. 442 ; Journ. Bot., 1872, p. 377 ; 

 Balfour, in Trans. Boy. Soc. Edinb., xxvi (1872), p. 781, & Trans. 

 Bot. Soc. Edinb., 1872, p. 151 ; Fliick. & Hanb., Pharmacogr., 

 p. 331. 



Official Part and Names. IPECACUANHA; the dried root (B. P.). 

 The root (Ipecacuanha Radix) (I. P.). IPECACUANHA; the root 

 (U. S. P.). 



Collection, Preparation, and Commerce. The roots of the Ipeca- 

 cuanha plant are collected more or less all the year round, but less 

 during the rainy season from the difficulty then experienced in 

 drying them properly. The collectors are called Poayeros from 

 the Brazilian name Poaya by which this plant is known. A Poayero 

 collects the roots by grasping in one hand as many stems as he is 

 able, and with the other he pushes a pointed stick obliquely with 



