81 PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM 



like wing. Seed solitary, kidney- shaped, or two separated by a 

 strong partition, without endosperm. 



Habitat. This fine timber tree grows in the forests of 

 Southern and Central India, where it was formerly common, but 

 has become nearly extirpated in many places, and large trees are 

 now rare. It is also found in Ceylon. The flowers appear in 

 May and June. 



Roxb., Fl. Indica, iii, p. 234; Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind., p. 152; 

 Royle, in Pharm. Journ., v (1846), p. 495; Lindl., Fl. Mod., 

 p. 256. 



Official Part and Name. KINO ; the inspissated juice obtained 

 from incisions made in the trunk (B. P.). The inspissated 

 juice obtained from incisions in the trunk (Kino) (I. P.). KINO; 

 the inspissated juice of Pterocarpus Marsupium, and of other 

 plants (U. S. P.). 



Varieties of Kino. The term kino is applied to the juice of 

 the tree now under consideration, as well as to that of other 

 plants, inspissated without artificial heat. Several varieties are 

 known to pharmacologists ; but those commonly distinguished in 

 Europe, the United States, and India, are as follows : 1 . Malabar 

 or East Indian Kino, from Pterocarpus Marsupium, D. G. ; 2. 

 African or Gambia Kino, from Pterocarpus erinaceus, Poiret ; 3. 

 Butea, Bengal, Palas or Pulas Kino, or Butea Chim, from Butea 

 frondosa, Roxb., and allied species of Butea ; 4. Botany Bay, Aus- 

 tralian, or Eucalyptus Kino, from numerous species of Euca- 

 lyptus ; 5. West Indian or Jamaica Kino, from Coccoloba uvifera, 

 L. -, and 6. South American or Caracas Kino, which is supposed by 

 some authors to be the same kind as that described by Guibourt, 

 under the name of Columbian Kino. The botanical source of the 

 latter variety is not known with certainty ; though believed by 

 Wood and Bache to be derived from the same plant as that 

 yielding West Indian Kino. Some of these varieties of kino have 

 the appearance of extracts, rather than that of juices inspissated 

 without artificial heat, to which the term kino is only strictly 

 applicable. All of them have similar medical properties, and 



