94 THE MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE PHILIPPINES 



produced by the P. marsupium, Roxb., but the Philippine 

 product, especially that of the second and third species, has for 

 a long time been exported to Europe under the name of " red 

 astringent gum " or " kino." This name is given to the sap of 

 these trees dried without the aid of artificial heat. The bark is 

 the part which produces it and the following extractive process 

 is employed in Madras : a vertical incision is made in the trunk 

 and lateral incisions perpendicular to it and a receptacle is placed 

 at the foot of the tree. This soon fills and when the gum is suffi- 

 ciently dried by air and sun it is packed in boxes and exported. 



In respect to appearance, solubility and chemical composi- 

 tion, Fliickiger and Hanbury were unable to discover any 

 difference between the kino of P. marsupium, Roxb., and that 

 of P. erinaceus, Poir. It is therefore interesting to consider a 

 product that is identical with that described in the pharmaco- 

 poeias as produced by the P. mawtpiiuii, Roxb., though the 

 latter does not grow in the Philippines. 



Kino is at present used but little in therapeutics and its ac- 

 tion is analogous to that of tannin and catechu. It is given in- 

 ternally for its astringent effect in chronic diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, 

 blenorrhoea and hemorrhages. The dose of the powder is 14 

 grams, and of the alcoholic tincture, containing 20 parts kino 

 to 100 of alcohol, 5-10 grams. In prolapse of the rectum 

 and anal fissure the following solution is used by enema : 



Kino 3 grams. 



Water 500 " 



For vaginal injections a solution of 20 to 250 water. 



BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. The " pterocarpus, " L., is a 

 tree of the first order with odd-pinnate leaves. Leaflets alter- 

 nate and coriaceous. Flowers yellow, in racemes, with caducous 

 bracts and bractlets. Calyx turbinate, with short teeth. Petals 

 exserted, markedly unguiculate. Standard and wings curled. 

 Keel obtuse with its petals slightly or not at all coherent. The 

 staminal tube, cleft above and below or above only. Stamens 



