DOMESTIC AND SEMI-DOMESTIC ANIMALS 35 



Angus and Aberdeen breeds, which are distinguished by the 

 absence of horns in both sexes; the hornless Galloways, which are 

 descended from relatives of ancient origin ; the Polled Suffolk, 

 which are also hornless and found in Eastern England; the three 

 closely related Alderney, Jersey and Guernsey breeds of the 

 Channel Islands, which are so chaste in appearance and give 

 such beautiful butter and cream ; the Ayrshires, which have now 

 become represented in several places outside the county after which 

 they acquired their name; the Devons, Herefords, Longhorns and 

 Shorthorns. These various breeds fairly well represent our British 

 domestic Cattle, whilst on the Continent we find, among others, the 

 Friburg breed, which appear to be almost first cousins to the English 

 Shorthorns ; the Dutch breed, which originated in Holland, but have 

 now made their way into Germany ; the large Hungarian Cattle, 

 which range through Hungary into Turkey and Western Asia; the 

 Podolian Cattle ; the breeds of Domestic Cattle in India and Africa, 

 and last, but by no means least, the vast herds of different kinds of 

 Cattle found in Australia, America, the Argentine, New Zealand 

 and elsewhere. 



Thus from the time of Caesar, when the wild Aurochs monarch 

 roamed at large in the forests of by-gone days, all through the ages 

 we see a gradual process of selection, until at the present time the 

 number of different breeds is extraordinary. Several of these we 

 have mentioned in passing, and even if we only recognize their 

 intrinsic value and usefulness to the human race of to-day, and do 

 not stay to consider the many interesting features connected with 

 their production, we cannot fail to recognize that Cattle, though 

 they be unintelligent creatures, as the boy wrote in his essay, have 

 played no unimportant part in the history of nations. 



GAYAL. A peep at two foreign kinds of Cattle, one, the Gayal, 

 from India (Fig. 24) and the other, the Banting or Javan Ox (Fig. 

 26), may now be taken, and then we pass on to consider the claims 

 of some smaller animals with which the reader will doubtless be 

 more familiar. 



Whilst the normal colour of the Gayal is blackish-brown in 

 both the cow and the bull, with the lower portion of the limbs 

 white or yellowish, Fig. 25 displays an interesting variety to which 

 attention may be directed. Here it will be seen that the head and 

 body are whitish, the latter having a dappled effect pleasant to notice. 



At a meeting of the Zoological Society of London held in 



D 2 



