THE SUCCESSION OF DEPOSITS. 29 



CANADIAN PLEISTOCENE. 



(a) Post-glacial deposits, river ^ ' Remains of Mastodon and El- 

 alluvia and gravels, peaty j" phas, modern fresh-water shells, 

 deposits, lake bottoms, etc. J 



(b) Saxicava sand and gravel, "\ Shallow-water fauna of boreal 



of ten with numerous travelled character, more especially Saxi- 



boulders (upper boulder de- I cava rugosa and its varieties, 



posit), probably the same Bones of whales, etc. 

 with Algoma sand, etc., of 

 inland districts. 



(c) Upper Leda clay, and pro- -\ Holds in eastern Canada a 



bably Saugeeii clay * of marine fauna identical with that 



inland districts ; clay and \ of the northern part of the gulf 



sandy clay, in the lower St. j of St. Lawrence at present ; and 



Lawrence, with numerous locally affords remains of a boreal 



marine shells. ' flora. 



((/) Lower Leda clay ; fine clay, A Holds Leda (Portlandia) arctica 

 often laminated, and with a I and sometimes Tellina groenlan- 

 few large travelled boulders, V dica ; and seems to have been 

 probably equivalent to Erie deposited in very cold and ice- 

 clay f of inland districts. ' laden water. 



(e) Lower stratified sands and ^ These represent land surfaces 



gravels (Syrtensian deposits f and sea and coast areas immedi- 



of Matthew). J * ately posterior to the boulder clay. 



(/) Boulder clay or till ; hard 



clay, or unstratified sand, 



with boulders, local and 



travelled, and stones often 

 striated and polished. 



In the lower St. Lawrence region 

 holds a few marine shells of arctic 

 species. Farther inland is non- 

 fossilferous, but has usually the 

 chemical characters of a marine 



deposit. 



NOTE. With reference to this table, I wish it to be distinctly 

 understood that it covers the whole pleistocene deposits as known in 

 Canada, and that division (/) corresponds to the older boulder clay 

 and (b) to the upper boulder deposit, which is the more extensively 

 spread of the two. 



* Geology of Canada, 1862. 



f Supplement to Acadian Geology, 1878. Notes on Post-pliocene 

 of Canada : Canadian Naturalist, Vol. VI., 1871. 



J In the province of Quebec beds of this kind in some places 

 underlie the boulder clay. 



