PHYSICAL AND CLIMATAL CONDITIONS. 87 



since the facts obtained by the Canadian survey and the 

 arctic explorers show that these local glaciers discharged 

 ice and bergs both to the north and south. Some of the 

 evidence of this is thus stated by Dr. G. M. Dawson.* 



"Along the arctic coast, and among the islands of the 

 archipelago, there is a considerable volume of evidence to 

 show that the main direction of movement of erratics 

 was northward. Thus, boulders of granite, supposed by 

 Prof. Haughton to be derived from North Somerset, are 

 found 100 miles to the north-eastward (Appendix to 

 M'Clintock's Voyage, p. 374), and pebbles of granite, 

 identical with that of Granite point, also in North 

 Somerset, occur 135 knots to the north-west (op. cit., p. 

 476). The east side of King William Land is also said 

 to be strewn with boulders like the gneiss of Montreal 

 island, to the southward (op. cit., p. 377). Prof. Haughton 

 indicates the direction and distance of travel of some of 

 these fragments by arrows on his geological map of the 

 arctic archipelago, and reverts to the same subject on 

 pages 393, 394, pointing out the general northward move- 

 ment of ice indicated, and referring the carriage of the 

 boulders to floating ice of the glacial period. 



" Near Princess Royal island, in Prince of Wales strait, 

 and also on the coast of Prince of Wales island, the 

 copper said to be picked up in large masses by the 

 Esquimaux (DeRance, Nature, Vol. XL, p. 492), may be 

 supposed to be derived from the Cambrian rocks of the 

 Coppermine river region, to the south, as it is scarcely 

 possible that it occurs in place anywhere in the region of 

 horizontal limestone where it is found. 



* Notes on the geology of the northern part of Canada. Geol. 

 Survey of Canada, 1'886. 



