94 THE ICE AGE IN CANADA. 



Canada appear in the Eeport of the Geological Survey 

 published in 1879.* 



Dr. Ells, in his Eeport on the Eastern Townships of 

 the province of Quebec, notes the fact that the glaciation 

 along the western side of the hills of that region, con- 

 stituting an extension of the Appalachian chain, follows 

 the valleys, the striation pointing westward toward the St. 

 Lawrence valley. This is the old glaciation appertaining 

 to the till or boulder-clay, and proves local as opposed to 

 continental glaciation. On the other hand, he states that 

 numerous boulders of Laurentian rock, carried in the 

 opposite direction across the wide and deep St. Lawrence 

 valley, lie on the sides of the hills up to an elevation of 

 1,500 feet. Sea shells are also found, though only at a 

 few localities and not so high. This high-level drift 

 belongs to the second glacial period. Dr. Ells recognizes 

 this, and very properly refers the lower or till deposit to 

 local land glaciers, the newer and higher drift to sub- 

 mergence and floating ice. He also refers to the fact 

 stated in Logan's Geology of Canada, that raised beaches 

 occur at Eipton in the Green mountains at an elevation 

 of 2,196 feetf 



With these observations of Ells may be placed those of 

 Upham and other American geologists, and more recently 

 of Shaler in Maine, on the other side of the mountain 

 range. In his report on mount Desert, he shows that the 

 movement of ice was, as elsewhere on the New England 

 coast, to the south-eastward, or from the Appalachian 

 range the converse direction to that found by Ells on 

 the opposite side. Shaler also iinds the underlying till, 



* Report for 1887-8. 



t These observations perfectly agree with those of Chalmers and 

 the writer, already mentioned. 



