SOME LOCAL DETAILS. 153 



American plateau as far as the middle states of the Union, 

 or to the lines of the modern Ohio and Missouri rivers. 



4. The region of Manitoba and the North-west. This 

 constitutes another, and now more elevated, plain, con- 

 tinuous with the former and with the great American 

 plateau on the south, and extending north-west to the 

 Arctic sea. It has the Laurentian axis on the north-east, 

 and the Rocky mountains, the eastern ridges of the great 

 Cordillera of the Pacific coast on the west. In the early 

 Pleistocene, this great plain was at a lower level than at 

 present, and the ice and d&bris from the Laurentide and 

 Cordilleran glaciers, and more especially from the former, 

 were distributed by water over its surface. In the mid- 

 glacial age it was partially elevated and overspread with 

 vegetation, but in the later glacial age it was much more 

 extensively submerged and its waters covered with float- 

 ing ice. 



5. The great Cordilleran region of the west, embracing 

 the Rocky mountains, the Gold and Selkirk ranges,^the 

 elevated interior plateau of British Columbia, and the 

 coast ranges of the Pacific. In the early glacial period 

 this region seems to have stood high out of the waters 

 which extended to the east and west of it, and was covered 

 with a great neve, or snow-cap, sending off gigantic 

 glaciers in all directions, but more especially to the south, 

 north, and west. In the mid-glacial period it was greatly 

 reduced in height, and, for the most part, denuded of ice, 

 which, however, returned to it in diminished force in the 

 second or later glacial age. 



Lastly : Canada includes a portion of the Arctic basin 

 north of the Laurentian ranges, and partly enclosed in 

 the wide angle which they form northward. This, so far 

 as known, was, throughout the glacial age, at a low level, 



;> ra? THR -<*" 





