ANALYSIS xv 



CHAPTER XIII 



INTELLIGENCE AND THE SOCIAL INSTINCTS 



I. There is evidence of an element of intelligence in the more complex, 

 especially the social instincts, (2) while conversely, the social 

 instincts apparently implying recognition of individuals are especially 

 characteristic of the most intelligent animals. 3. It is thus probable 

 that the social act is in the concrete sense purposive, and if so, the 

 rudiment of morality cannot be denied to animals . Pages 307 317 



CHAPTER XIV 



THE CONCEPT 



I. Concrete experience will explain the highest developments of animal 

 experience, (2) but not the power of communication by language, 

 (3) which rests on the power of detaching ideas from perception and 

 recombining them, (4) which is precisely the point in which animal 

 language and baby talk in its first stage fail. 5. From this stage 

 language advances in the human being to the formation of general 

 conceptions, (6) which rest on a cross correlation of the perceptual 

 order, (7) and are the foundation of Universal Judgments in which 

 (8) thought explicitly recognises the necessary connection which is 

 the real basis of all inference, (9) and thereby deals with experience 

 past and future in masses, (10) thus building up the world of Ideas. 



Pages 318-337 



CHAPTER XV 



THE PRODUCTS OF CONCEPTUAL THOUGHT 



I. Akin to the Universal in genesis and function is the conception of 

 Personality, with its abiding interests in Self (2) and others (3) and of 

 organised society. 4. On the basis of conceptions universal and 

 individual are built the distinctively human thought-products of 

 creative imagination, morals, religion, and science. 5. Psychologic- 

 ally the real difference between this and lower stages is in degree of 

 scope and clearness, but it may be regarded as specially distinguished 

 by the appearance of Conceptual Thinking, Self-consciousness, and 

 Will. 6. Morally the difference is that conduct is (a) directed to 

 comprehensive ends, (7) and (&) standardised and made subject to 

 general rules. 8. Through this medium, tradition becomes fused 

 with instinct as the basis of conduct. 9. In sum, by an advance in 

 scope and articulation, we arrived at a higher level of thought, in 

 which the affinities underlying lower inferences are analysed out, and 

 through them the permanent elements of experience past and future, 

 individual and racial, are brought into correlation . . Pages 338 363 



