ii MIND AND MECHANISM 19 



in myself as carried out in consciousness and never with- 

 out consciousness, it is clear that in that other being some 

 process occurs which performs the same functions as con- 

 sciousness performs in me. The antecedent situation 

 corresponds, let us suppose, in every detail which experi- 

 ence has shown to be relevant to its causation. The 

 resulting act corresponds. It is an inevitable inference 

 that the linking process corresponds in function. The 

 organisation of the animal being different, it is possible 

 that the state of consciousness may differ in any respect 

 not essential to its function. This is a possibility which 

 our method cannot exclude. But it can establish the 

 existence of corresponding functions. We shall confine 

 ourselves to the analysis of such functions without attempt- 

 ing to ascertain the nature of the animal mind in other 

 respects. That is to say, we shall not try to form a 

 picture of the animal consciousness. But we shall in the 

 course of this work use the term consciousness and terms 

 importing consciousness or specific modes of conscious- 

 ness to describe any function corresponding precisely in 

 its outer relations to one which among ourselves neces- 

 sarily involves consciousness or the particular mode of 

 consciousness which is in question. Given the criteria as 

 we have stated them, this attribution is logically justified. 

 The similarities between the functions which the terms 

 are used to describe would subsist whatever the differ- 

 ences may be, and no other way of describing them 

 lies to hand that does not involve repeated and in- 

 tolerable periphrasis. 



We conclude then (i) that there exist two generic 

 forms of correlation distinguishable by the observation of 

 external behaviour alone ; (2) that one of these is held on 

 sufficient logical grounds to involve the operation of 

 Mind. Further, we propose to distinguish and compare 

 types of mental correlation on the basis of the behaviour 

 involved. We shall find that the method of correlation 

 involved will give us a common measure applicable to 

 every stage of mental development from the lowest to 

 the highest, enabling us, therefore, to determine at any 

 point how much is achieved. Lastly, to each form of 



c 2 



