206 MIND IN EVOLUTION CHAP. 



This done twice. At length depresses further by double move- 

 ment, and, after a little scrabbling, opens. Time over 2'. 



2. Similar. Thrice pulls down lever and raises again, once 

 without raising again. After some minutes, shown two or three 

 times. But does not try. Gives up. 



Next day 



1. Pushes down catch twice and raises again. At length pulls 

 it down and opens door by lever. Time 30" to 40". 



2. 10". Tries at once this time, pushing at lever as soon as 

 catch is depressed. 



3. 1 6". Pushes down and does not raise again, but quits for 

 a while and smells round. Comes back and at lever. 



4. 10". Would be immediate, but did not clear catch of lever 

 at first. 



5. 12". Sniffs about a bit. Then both movements at once. 



Next day, the two boxes were alternated, and he did 

 both without difficulty and no sign of confusion. 



With this second box it is clear that the first trial of the 

 second day was the critical success. The showing had 

 apparently no effect. It was a random success properly 

 utilised. 



I gave the same box to the elephant. 



After accustoming her to the lever, I put on the catch. She 

 pulled violently at the catch and lever, nearly thrusting the catch 

 down. I had to take the box away in fear of consequences. 

 When I gave it back, she showed no improvement. I then 

 showed her twice, once opening the box, but not letting her get 

 the bread. Again she got violent, and I had to rescue the box. 

 After this, however, she began fumbling at the catch, pulling it 

 down and up again, and then pulling at the lever. She was 

 beginning to learn. I now showed her the whole process twice, 

 and thereafter she managed to do it, though she had a way of 

 catching the tip of the trunk in the end of the catch after she 

 had depressed it, whereby she kept raising it again. At the twelfth 

 trial she was perfect, her times for this and the four remaining 

 trials of the day being roughly 3", 2", 5", 6", 3". 



Next day her times were about 12", 30", and 5 to 7". There 

 was some fumbling in the first two, but the clear downward 

 thrust was unmistakable. 



This experiment is perhaps more distinctly suggestive 

 of learning by perception than any other of Lily's 

 performances. At any rate, it was a rapid piece of 



