APPENDIX TO CHAPTER X 



THE object of the subjoined tables is to exhibit some of the 

 main results of the above experiments in summary form. They must 

 be taken rather as a rough aid to the formation of a judgment than 

 as an exact statement of results possessing equal numerical value. 

 Different experiments were directed towards different objects, and 

 none were performed with a view to tabulation. Hence, for 

 example, the number of failures after first success depends largely 

 on the interest which the experimenter had in getting his animal 

 perfect by showing it repeatedly. There was no time-limit for 

 successes. These defects are, it is hoped, partly remedied by the 

 appended notes and partly by the full preceding description. In 

 the first tables, only experiments in which success was established 

 are reckoned the test of success being, unless otherwise stated, 

 at least four successes whether on the same or different days 

 after the last failure. In Table IV. is given a list of definite 

 failures. Table I. illustrates the process of acquisition especially 

 the effect of the first success. Before the first complete success 

 there was often an act which might on various grounds be termed 

 a partial success. There must be something arbitrary in the 

 nature of such successes, but it would be more misleading to 

 ignore them, and, when necessary, their character is briefly ex- 

 plained in the " Remarks." Only complete failures are reckoned 

 under the heading so named, mere mistakes or blundering being 

 passed over. 



Table II. arranges the experiments with the elephant somewhat 

 differently, distinguishing the apparently random successes before 

 the trick had been shown from those achieved afterwards. The 

 result is to suggest that the showing had a material effect. As 

 the elephant was a great fumbler, columns are added for her 

 partial failures in which are reckoned not mere mistakes of 

 execution, but failures indicating misapprehension or forgetfulness 

 of the right method. 



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