272 MIND IN EVOLUTION CHAP. 



into the house, which would often fall too far from 

 his cage to be within reach of his arm. To deal with this 

 difficulty, he would retire to his bed, pull from it his rug, 

 stuff the rug with considerable effort, bit by bit, through 

 the narrow rails, and proceed to throw it like a net over 

 the desired object, which he would thus work towards 

 him. It was noticeable that he was always careful to pull 

 the rug in again. The first thing I taught the Professor 

 was to substitute a stick for the cumbrous rug. 



I cut a small stick from a tree, pulled a bit of banana about 

 with it, and gave it to him. He tried to use it, though ineffectually. 

 The next day, I brought him up a stout walking-stick with a 

 crook, which he used awkwardly, and nearly succeeded in his 

 object. He then used his rug instead, with success. I then put 

 a piece of banana in a box. He tried ineffectually to reach it 

 with his rug, but did not use the stick. I pulled the box a 

 little about with the stick, and left it with him. When I came 

 back, he had got the box, and opened it. Next day, he used the 

 stick at once to get a lump of sugar. At first, he knocked it away, 

 but soon got the stick round, used the crook, and pulled it in. I 

 found, however, that he never really learned the use of the crook. 

 He would use either end indiscriminately. This, I think, was not 

 altogether due to stupidity. It must be remembered that he had 

 to work the stick with his hands through narrow bars. He was 

 awkward with it at the best of times, and when the heavy crook 

 was at the remote end, he could not place it accurately enough to 

 be of real use to him. 



Next day, the chimpanzee learnt to use a short stick in 

 order to reach a larger one, with which in turn he could 

 reach the banana. 



I put my stick out of his reach, and a piece of banana beyond 

 it again, while I gave him a short stick. He did not, however, 

 use it until I first pushed the big stick about with it. He then 

 made an attempt to reach my stick with the short one, but with- 

 out success. I gave him rather a larger stick, with which he at 

 once tried to reach mine ; but instead of getting hold of it, he 

 knocked it slantwise, so that one end was further off from him 

 than before, and one end nearer. He now directed his stick to 

 the nearer end, pulled mine in, and with its aid reached the 

 banana. Another day, he was given a big broom handle to use. 

 As he drew the banana in, the end of the handle knocked against 

 the partition door of his cage, which was behind him. He at 

 once shifted it so as to clear the door. 



