276 MIND IN EVOLUTION CHAP. 



the cross off", probably out of annoyance. Nor did he manage the 

 pulling in as well as the chimpanzee, frequently getting the end of 

 the stick involved with the meshes of the net. In fact, in the 

 whole matter of manipulation, the chimpanzee is the more 

 dexterous of the two. In handling the boxes, for example, in 

 which his fruit was placed, he always turned them edgewise if he 

 wanted to get them through the bars, Similarly, the child's hoop 

 mentioned above was passed by him in and out of the bars edgewise 

 without difficulty. Jimmy's comparative failure in this respect 

 must be ascribed largely to impatience. To say the truth, if he 

 did not succeed at once, he lost his temper. 



Jimmy pretty soon learnt to use a short stick in order 

 to reach the longer one. If stick and fruit were both too 

 far from him, he would try to help himself by pulling the 

 whole board on which they lay towards him ; and he 

 seemed quite clear as to the necessity of getting the stick 

 beyond the thing that he was pulling. If it lay just on his 

 side of the apple or nut, he would be careful not to knock 

 the apple away, but to get the stick well beyond it. When 

 Jimmy was staying in my house, he was kept on the cord ; 

 and, being unembarrassed with netting, would use a stick 

 very freely. It is also interesting that without any in- 

 struction he rapidly learnt to use substitutes. 



I first gave him a child's skipping-rope. He took no notice to 

 begin with, but when I placed the rope suggestively near the 

 bread, which was out of his reach, he made a cast at it with 

 the wooden handle. At first he lost the rope. I returned it to 

 him, when he threw it again, and worked the bread within his 

 reach. After this, he would use a cord ; and, after some hesi- 

 tation, a wire. If other things failed, he would pull ofF the large 

 dust sheet which covered his chair, and use that, as the Professor 

 did his rug. Here is one note which shows his resourcefulness in 

 trying one thing after another. I put a piece of onion in a basket 

 within reach of his stick. After first refusing any effort, he tried 

 to reach it with the stick, and failed. In reaching towards it, he 

 found the big box (one of Jack's boxes, which he also used) lying 

 across his chain, and preventing his reaching forward. He threw 

 the box off. Having failed with the stick, he will not try it 

 again, but makes wild efforts to throw the rope. Then he actually 

 rolls his box at the food ; then goes off and gets down the dust 

 sheet from the chair, and tries unskilfully to sweep at it ; finally, 

 makes a longer stretch, and just reaches it with his own claw (his 

 elasticity was really remarkable). 



