xii ARTICULATE IDEAS 283 



ingenuity in getting the box within his reach by switching 

 the rope about from side to side. Why did neither of 

 them learn to take off the hook ? Imitation was excluded, 

 because I concealed the operation as much as possible, and 

 it would seem that they failed to compare the two 

 situations (hook off and hook on) so as to draw an 

 inference. This failure is to be connected with the very 

 short-sighted want of attention to my operations while ad- 

 justing the experiment. Such attention was rare. Had 

 the monkeys any degree of forethought going beyond the 

 satisfaction of their felt desire, one would suppose that they 

 would take note of what passed in one experiment with a 

 view to success in the next. They would therefore fix 

 their minds on the nature of that change in the situation 

 which enabled them to get the coveted prize. I never 

 saw in a monkey any trace of a prevision of this 

 kind. 



6. Working stick within tube. 



I noticed the Professor one day trying very ineffectually 

 to use a small stick as a lever to open a box. I did not 

 further test his powers in this direction, but thought of a 

 slightly different experiment. There was a large iron 

 pipe lying in the cage, into which I stuffed a piece of 

 banana, and gave the monkey his little stick with a tin 

 tack at the end, by which I thought he might fish it out. 

 I did not show him this at all ; but he at once used the 

 stick, working it in with ease, and though he failed to get 

 the banana out bodily, he seemed to derive satisfaction 

 from sucking the end of the stick each time he drew it 

 out. As I thought this was meagre sustenance for him, 

 and a poor .reward for so much merit, I secured a shorter 

 piece of piping, and a long iron rod, one end of which 

 would pass easily into the pipe, while it was long enough 

 to go right through. The Professor meant to use this in 

 the same way as the stick, but he very soon found that he 

 pushed the banana right out at the other end. He then 

 always looked for it at that end, and moreover, finding 

 that it was apt to get lost in his hay, he transferred his 

 operations to the part of his floor which was covered with 

 sawdust. Moreover, one trial was enough to show him 



