xv CONCEPTUAL THOUGHT 351 



which we express as Resolve or Determination. The 

 reason is that even in human experience, the basis of the 

 Will is too wide and too deep to be brought within the 

 scope and limits of a single act of consciousness. The 

 Will is more than we can feel at any one moment, for it is 

 the whole self, or ourself acting as a whole. This action 

 of the self as a whole is called out and directed by 

 the broad ends of life, and things seen to be bound up 

 therewith. It therefore belongs to the grade of mental 

 development under discussion. 



6. The development of moral impulses into the moral 

 will determines in principle the advance in the content of 

 morality the objects on which the moral will insists 

 in the human as compared with the animal world. One 

 side of this advance we have already found to be implied in 

 the growth of the conception of Personality (pp. 339341). 

 On this side the change is a development rather than a 

 revolution. Most of the higher animals have rudiments 

 of a family life for which they labour and not infrequently 

 sacrifice themselves. Many of them are also capable of 

 a wider social life based on mutual help and friendliness. 

 More than this can hardly be said universally of all 

 races of men, and within all races numerous individual 

 exceptions would have to be made of those who are far 

 from being capable of as much. Yet the moral change 

 is no less profound than the intellectual, of which it is 

 indeed one expression. We attribute sympathy and 

 attachment to the higher animals. That is to say, we 

 credit them with desire to relieve the distress or satisfy 

 the wants of another, to feed the young, to defend a com- 

 panion, to gratify a master. Take them at their highest, 

 and these are still desires addressed to immediate ends. It 

 is true that in many, probably in most cases, they actually 

 serve the permanent good of the object of affection. But 

 if the feeding, warming, and protection of the nestling all 

 actually subserve its permanent health and growth, this is 

 merely a very familiar illustration of those co-ordinations of 

 instinct by which desires are brought into general harmony 

 with needs. We have no more right to credit the mother 

 bird with a conception of the future career of her nestling, 



