392 MIND IN EVOLUTION CHAP. 



growth of system and co-ordination of which it is a part, 

 may indeed be carried through all the four intellectual 

 stages which we have distinguished. In the first stage we 

 have impulse not explicitly related to its end. Accordingly 

 we have no evidence of purposive action for the good of 

 another. In the second stage we have concrete, practical 

 ends. Corresponding with this, we have sympathy and 

 attachment binding one individual to others, and corre- 

 lating his action with their immediate needs. In the third 

 stage, action rests on general conceptions, and is adapted to 

 comprehensive ends. Ethically it is guided by moral 

 rules, and may be subordinated to an end as comprehensive 

 as the permanent welfare of a great community. In the 

 fourth stage general conceptions being traced back to their 

 principles are formed into a comprehensive system in which 

 any particular thought or action must find its definite 

 place in relation to all the rest. Ethically this general 

 conception is the realisation of the full promise of human 

 nature in the effort towards which it is conceived that 

 human effort might find a unity which should not be a 

 limitation. 



SUMMARY. 



The last stage of development that we have traced 

 consists, like the earlier ones, in a double advance in ex- 

 plicitness and comprehension. Once again, there is no 

 breach of continuity, but a series of changes amounting as 

 they are summed up to a difference of quality. Going below 

 the reasoning of the previous stage and its conditions in 

 reality, thought now interconnects the universal Truths 

 which constitute these conditions and forms of them a 

 system, the aim of which is to render experience intelligible 

 as a whole. From first to last the mind works by corre- 

 lating experiences. In the highest development of the 

 present stage, the principles and methods of correlation 

 themselves become objects of consciousness, and form a 

 distinguishable element in the system which they build up. 

 We have compared the earlier stages to distinct phases in 

 the apprehension of a logical syllogism. The lowest stage 



