STAGES OF CORRELATION 403 



represented by the psychological effect of past experience, 

 which makes the mind draw its inference. 



The increased scope of correlation in this stage is most 

 clearly seen in the fact that in reaching it we pass from 

 the sphere of motor reaction and attendant feelings to 

 that of perception and the anticipation of events. The 

 organism can now be said to " know " outer objects (as 

 having distinct qualities, for example) to recognise persons 

 and other animals and to anticipate their behaviour. Its 

 instincts as bearing relation to other individuals, etc., are 

 thus subject to modification in accordance with experience, 

 while it is also possible for it to learn modes of action to 

 which there is no instinctive tendency at all, and that 

 not merely by the fortunate effect of random successes. 

 On the other hand, the animal's action appears to be 

 limited to what may be called its concrete environment and 

 immediate practical ends. 



On the ethical aspect, the important points to note are, 

 first, that action being prompted by an idea of its end, we 

 may say that in this stage Impulse is replaced by Desire, 

 and since desires may conflict, the germs of deliberation 

 and even of self-control appear. Secondly, with the 

 knowledge of individuals and their behaviour comes the 

 possibility of emotional states in relation to them. For 

 our purposes the most significant of these states are 

 Sympathy and Affection, whereby the experiences of 

 another become an object of desire along with one's own. 

 The sympathetic desires and feelings are in the first place 

 the conscious rendering of the instincts tending to the 

 maintenance of the species, but observation shows that 

 they may be transferred under the workings of experience 

 to other beings (e.g., men) to whom they do not attach 

 instinctively. 



To sum up. 



The work of intelligence in this stage, may be described 

 as a Correlation of articulate complexes in the -perceptual order. 



The distinctive conscious functions involved are the 

 perceptual judgment in which distinct elements are held 

 in relation, and the practical idea based upon it which 

 relates to the future. In the correlation which these 



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