APPENDIX 455 



horse makes numerous mistakes when Claparede knows the 

 answer, and we cannot therefore say decisively that his failure when 

 Monsieur Claparede does not know the answer is due to the 

 absence of an unconscious sign. Other cases are, first, that of 

 Monsieur Bohn, mentioned above, in which the horse subtracted 

 instead of adding. This feat convinced Monsieur Bohn. He 

 had the wrong solution in his mind, and therefore certainly could 

 not have signalled the right one. On the other hand, it must be 

 said it is permissible to doubt Monsieur Bonn's interpretation. 

 After all, he wrote a plus, not a minus, and the suggestion that 

 the horse read the plus as a minus is merely his own hypothesis. 

 Muhamed might simply have made another of his frequent 

 mistakes. 



We come finally to Dr. Haenel's record. Herr Krall was 

 absent. Dr. Haenel sent the groom out of the stall, quite con- 

 vinced himself that nobody remained behind the door of the stall, 

 which had to be kept open for the sake of the light. He then 

 took a packet of cards, with the numbers I to 9 on them, wrote a 

 plus on the board, and put two cards one on each side of it without 

 seeing what they were. Muhamed, after several responses that 

 were not clear, gave decisively 15. Dr. Haenel then looked at 

 the numbers and found they were 7 and 8. Muhamed dealt in 

 the same way with 3 and 2, and with 84-2 + 3. There 

 followed a case in which Dr. Haenel had a half glance at the 

 numbers as he put them up, and summed them to 13. Muhamed, 

 however, gave 16, which proved to be right. Three other 

 additions were correctly given, two of them after a preliminary 

 failure, and he then substituted the multiplying sign for the plus 

 and put up two figures. Muhamed gave 27, and the figures were 

 9x3. For the two next figures Muhamed again gave 27 and 

 repeated it, but the numbers were 7x6. In the next experi- 

 ment Muhamed gave 9x2 correctly as 18, but on being asked 

 for a repetition gave 12, 2, 29, and then 18 again. For 8x6 

 Muhamed gave 65 and then 48. There followed seven similar 

 problems, which were not solved, and the details of which, 

 unfortunately, are not given us, and the seance was wound up with 

 the extraction of {77890481 given correctly as 53. Being asked 

 for a repetition of this, Muhamed wavered considerably, giving in 

 succession 4, 55, 33, 23, and 54. This number had been given 

 by Herr Krall to Dr. Haenel on the previous night. The solution 

 was unknown to Dr. Haenel. 



This record is without doubt the most remarkable in the whole 

 series, and if we could suppose Dr. Haenel to have taken all suit- 

 able precautions, would compel us to dismiss the theory of 

 involuntary signs once for all. But it must be remarked : 



(i) That the door was open. 



