14 MODERN BIOLOGIC THERAPEUSIS 



relation of the nervous system to the salivary 

 and pancreatic glands is mainly due to the phys- 

 iology of the Russian school, in particular Pav- 

 loff. More than to any one else since the time 

 of Harvey do we owe our present knowledge 

 of the circulation to Ludwig, who was probably 

 the greatest teacher of physiology. The rise of 

 modern medical science is inseparably con- 

 nected with the name of Virchow (1821-92), the 

 founder of cellular pathology. 



In 1867 Lord Lister (1827-1912), aided by 

 Pasteur's discoveries, was enabled to bring to 

 a successful conclusion a long series of re- 

 searches, and to enunciate the principles of the 

 antiseptic system of surgery. 



Bacteriology The founders of bacteriology 

 were Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch; the for- 

 mer being also the founder of the modern prac- 

 tice of preventive inoculation against disease, 

 while to the latter we owe the development of 

 the correct theory of specific infectious diseases. 

 Pasteur (1822-95) is memorable for his work 

 on fermentation (1857), virulent diseases (an- 

 thrax and chicken cholera, 1877), and prevent- 

 ive vaccinations (1880), particularly of rabies 

 (1885). Koch (1845-1910) published in Novem- 



