102 MODERN BIOLOGIC THERAPEUSIS 



subcutaneously. More recently, Park and Nicoll 

 (The Journal A. M. A., July 18, 1914) con- 

 ducted a series of experiments on guinea-pigs 

 which were inoculated with tetanus toxin and 

 then treated with antitoxin when symptoms of 

 the disease became well marked. They showed 

 that the animals practically never survive even 

 when huge doses of antitoxin are given subcu- 

 taneously, and but rarely when such a dose is 

 given in the circulating blood; that they do 

 survive in a large majority of cases, even when 

 a fractional amount of antitoxin is given in- 

 traspinally. In other words, that the intra- 

 spinal method of administering Tetanus Anti- 

 toxin is the only reliable manner in which the 

 animals can be saved. Subsequently, Park and 

 Nicoll applied the intraspinal method of ad- 

 ministering antitoxin in nine cases of clinical 

 tetanus, all of which recovered. The result in 

 this small series is in such markedly favorable 

 contrast to that in a much larger number of 

 cases in which antitoxin was administered by 

 other methods, that there can be no reasonable 

 doubt especially when the results of experi- 

 mental work are also considered that the in- 

 traspinal method of treatment should be given 



