VACCINES IN PROPHYLAXIS OF DISEASE 179 



jority of physicians have never seen a case of 

 smallpox; and, in civilized lands, we rarely see 

 an individual bearing scars produced by the 

 disease. 



Mortality Smallpox is fatal to a very large 

 proportion of those whom it attacks. It kills 

 from 30 to 40 per cent of its victims. In the 

 second, sixth, eleventh and twelfth centuries, the 

 disease ravaged Europe exacting a death toll 

 of over 40 to 70 per cent among primitive races, 

 reaching its zenith in the eighteenth century. 

 At this time, 10 per cent of the total mortality in 

 England was due to smallpox and one person in 

 every five was horribly scarred. 



RESULTS OF VACCINATION 



Probably at no time in the world's history has 

 the efficiency of smallpox vaccination been so 

 conclusively demonstrated as in the Philippine 

 Islands since American occupancy. Under 

 Spanish rule, it was necessary each year during 

 the dry season to erect in Manila a large tem- 

 porary hospital to which the many hundreds of 

 victims of smallpox could be taken and the 

 great majority of them died. Since 1907 when 

 systematic vaccination was completed in the six 



