180 MODERN BIOLOGIC THERAPEUSIS 



provinces near Manila, which have an approxi- 

 mate population of one million and which from 

 time immemorial had an annual average mortal- 

 ity from smallpox of 6,000 people, not one per- 

 son who had been successfully vaccinated has 

 died of smallpox and only a few scattering cases 

 of the disease have occurred. 



Cuba, with compulsory vaccination laws, has 

 not registered a case of smallpox since 1902. 

 Since the compulsory vaccination law went into 

 effect in Germany in 1874 there have been no 

 epidemics from the disease in the Empire. 



DISCOVERY OF VACCINATION 



Among preventive measures, prior to the dis- 

 covery of vaccination, inoculation with the dis- 

 ease deserves brief mention. Among the Turks 

 it had long been practised and it was introduced 

 into England in 1721 by Lady Mary Wortley 

 Montagu, who returned in that year from a 

 period of residence in Constantinople. The ad- 

 vantages of inoculation were that one could by 

 this means have the disease when young; when 

 in good health ; at a favorable time of the year, 

 and often in a mild form. Among the educated, 

 many availed themselves of this practice; but 



