204 MODERN BIOLOGIC THERAPEUSIS 



Col. Leishman's laboratory at the Royal Army 

 Medical College, London, and the Institute for 

 Infectious Diseases, Berlin, for the purpose of 

 studying the methods already in use. On re- 

 turning to this country, he elaborated a method 

 which combined the English and German 

 methods. 



Typhoid vaccination was begun voluntarily 

 in the United States Army in 1909, the death 

 rate per thousand that year being 0.28 among 

 the enlisted men. In March, 1911, vaccination 

 was made compulsory for all members of the 

 service under forty-five years of age, and the 

 death rate per thousand dropped to 0.03 in 1912. 

 In 1913 the death rate from typhoid fever in 

 the United States Army was 0, the number of 

 cases per 100,000 being three, which occurred 

 among the newly recruited men. The signifi- 

 cance of the three cases of typhoid fever per 

 hundred thousand men in the United States 

 Army may be appreciated when one realizes that 

 the civil death rate in the registration area of 

 the United States was 16.5 per cent for the year 

 1912, this being the last year for which statistics 

 have been published by the Census Bureau. 



Children Typhoid fever is essentially a dis- 



