16 



CASE No. 40. Cabbage Walking Sticks, the stems of a 

 6. variety of the Garden Cabbage {Brassica oleracea^ L.), 

 grown in the Channel Islands. The growth in height is 

 promoted by constantly stripping off the lower leaves. 



No. 41. Wo AD, a dye yielded by Isatls tinctoria^ L., 

 used by the ancient Britons to stain the skin blue. Its 

 culture for this purpose was probably very general at a 

 remote period. The manufacture of Woad in this country 

 is rapidly dying out, and at the present time is carried on 

 only in the neighbourhood of Wisbech. It is used in 

 combination with indigo for dyeing purposes. 



Observe seeds and models of varieties of RADISH 

 (Raphantfs sativiis^ L.). 



Caper Order {Gapparideae), Herbs or trees, fre- 

 quently spiny. Many are found in hot and dry countries. 

 The fruit is often curiously raised upon a distinct stalk 

 above the scar of the withered flower. 



No. 42. Capers, the flower buds of Capparis spinosa,, 

 L., a scrambling bush of the Mediterranean region. It is 

 largely cultivated in Spain, France, Italy, Algeria and 

 Sicily, the Capers being shipped in casks chiefly from 

 Marseilles and Bordeaux. The flower buds of Zygophyl- 

 lum Fahago, L., are occasionally substituted. 



Note fruits of Capparis Mitchelli^ Lindl., the Queens- 

 land Pomegranate, a shrub with large white flowers. 

 The fruits are one to two inches in diameter with a rough 

 exterior rind ; the pul^D, which has an agreeable perfume, 

 is eaten by the natives. Observe also fruits of Capparis 

 oleoideSy Burch., a South African plant introduced into 

 America about 1867 under the name of Frugtus 

 SiMULO as a remedy for epilepsy. 



CistUS Order {Cistineae). A small order of plants 

 abounding in Spain, Portugal, and N.W.Africa, represented 

 by the Rock Roses and Gum Cistus of our gardens. 



No. 43. LabdanuM. a resin exuded by the leaves 

 and branches of Cistus polymorphus, Willk., and other 

 species of the Levant, largely used as a medicine during 

 the prevalence of the plague. At the present day it is 

 chiefly employed by the Turks in perfumery. It is 



