47 



obtained by destructive distillation of the seeds. Used CASE 

 by the Hindus as a diuretic and as a remedy for Beri- 25. 

 Beri. 



Buckthorn Order {Rhamnaceae). An extensive 

 group of- trees and shrubs, often armed with spines. 

 Found nearly all over the globe, excepting the extreme 

 north. Two species grow in Britain. 

 /Note PuPLi-CHBKKE {VentUago maderaspatana, 

 Gaertn.). A forest climber of India, Burma, and Ceylon. 

 The root bark is a much valued dye-stuff in Southern 

 India, as it is rich in a beautiful red colouring matter. 



No. 143. LOTE Fruit {Zkyphus Lotus, Lam.), of 

 the Mediterranean region, said to be the Lotos of the 

 ancient Lotophagi. 



No. 144. Indian Jujube or Chinese Date {Zi^y- 

 phus Jujuba, Lam., and allied species). A wholesome 

 fruit, preserved in syrup by the Chinese after the surface 

 has been scratched in numerous fine longitudinal lines ; 

 used also when dried and in a pickled state. Z. Jujuha 

 is a small prickly tree regularly cultivated all over India 

 and widely distributed in tropical countries. The leaves 

 are commonly used as food for the Tasar silkworm. 



Z. sativa, Gsertn. \_Z. vulgaris, Lam.], also yields an 

 edible fruit commonly eaten in the countries bordering 

 the Mediterranean. 



Observe Cascara Sagrada (Sacred Bark), identical 

 with Chittem Bark, produced by a small tree, 12 to 20 feet 

 high (Bhamnus purshiana, DC), found on the Pacific 

 slopes of the United States. The bark has a characteristic 

 odour and persistent, nauseous, and bitter taste ; it is 

 much employed in North America and in this country, in 

 medicine, as a tonic-laxative. 



No. 145. Wood of Alder Buckthorn (Rhamnus 

 Frangula, L.). A slender straggling bush, 6 to 12 feet 

 high, in woods and hedges in this country ; found also 

 throughout Europe, and in Siberia, Caucasus, and North 

 Africa. The bark of the trunk and larger branches is 

 purgative and is employed in medicine. The wood is 

 used by gunpowder makers under the name of DOGWOOD 



