107 



Carthage, as its name would denote {Malum punicum). CASE 

 It was known to the Hebrews under the name Eimmon, 57. 

 and is mentioned in Deuteronomy as a product of 

 Palestine. The root is an excellent vermifuge ; the bark 

 gives the colour to yellow morocco leather, which is 

 tanned with it. The dried rind of the fruit is valued as a 

 remedy in India for diarrhoea and dysentery. The flowers, 

 under the name of Balaustine flowers, are sometimes 

 used for their astringent properties. Walking sticks are 

 made from the stems of young plants imported from 

 Algeria. 



Evening" Primrose Order (Onagrarieae). Herba- 

 ceous plants or shrubs, mostly of temperate countries ; 

 some species, chiefly American, bearing beautiful and sho wy 

 flowers, as the Clarkias and Fuchsias of Gardens ; Willow- 

 Herbs are among the British members of the group. 

 They do not possess any marked properties. 



No. 282. Water Chestnuts, the horned fruits of 

 species of Trapa^ growing in ponds, lakes, &c., in 

 temperate Europe and Asia. In some parts of Southern 

 Europe the seeds of T. natans, L. [J', bicornis, L.], are 

 ground into flour which is made into bread. 



The same species is collected in large quantities in 

 China for use as food. Another widely distributed 

 species, namely, T. hisjnnosa, Roxb., found throughout 

 India and Ceylon, is cultivated extensively for food in 

 Kashmir and in the lakes, tanks, and fresh- water reservoirs 

 of the North West and Central Provinces of India. In 

 Kashmir it is stated to furnish almost the only food 

 of at least 30,000 people for five months of the year. 

 Samples of flour prepared from these seeds in India and 

 known as Singhara flour are exhibited. During the 

 Hooly festival the flour is mixed with a dye from the 

 flowers of Butea frondosa and thrown over persons in 

 sport. 



Observe rosaries made of the fruits of Trapa natans^ 

 var. verhanensis, De Not., called Frutti Dl Lago from 

 Lago di Varese and Lago Maggiore, Italy. 



In the small order Turneraceae observe specimens of 

 D AMI AN A {Turnera diffusa, Willd. and its var. apliro- 

 diisiaca). 



