122 



CASE ^^ various kinds is shown together with a view of a 

 . 53^ Gambier Factory in Singapore. (See also model of a 

 Gambier Factory, Museum No. 3.) 



Various species and varieties of Cinchona and Cascar'Ua 

 barks are exhibited in this and the following Case. 

 Cinchona bark comes into commerce in several forms, the 

 chief, however, are quilled hark, which consists of that 

 from branches and small trunks, which by drying roll up 

 into pipes or quills, and flat hark., which is mostly from 

 larger trunks, the bark being submitted to pressure. The 

 barks of the various species of Cinchona contain in diverse 

 proportions alkaloids of a valuable character, the most 

 important of which is Quinine ; this, in the form of a 

 sulphate, is a highly prized tonic and febrifuge. 



No. 311. Pale Cixchona, or Crowx Bark (Cin- 

 chona officinalis, L.). A tree of 35 feet or more, but often 

 found as a shrub, native of the mountain slopes of the 

 Andes, at an altitude of 6-7,500 feet, in the district of 

 Loxa, on the confines of Peru and Ecuador. Several 

 varieties of this are known, the most distinct are Urihf- 

 singa, condaminea, honplandiccna and crispa. Very little^ 

 pale Cinchona bark is now imported from Loxa, the plant 

 being extensively cultivated in India, Ceylon, Java, and 

 other countries. Specimens of root-bark, stem-bark, and 

 renewed bark are exhibited from the Government Cin- 

 chona plantations, Darjeeling, from Madras, Ceylon, and 

 Jamaica. 



Note also specimens of C. land folia, Mutis, C. pahii- 

 diana, Howard, from Darjeeling, (7. peruviana, Howard, 

 C. humholdUana, Lamb., and C. nitida, R. and P. 

 CASE On the upper shelves of the first compartment are barks of 

 64. C. rosulenta, Howard, C. macrocalyx, Pav., C. micrantha, 

 K. and P., C. ovata, R. and P., and C. scrohiculata, 

 H. and B. 



No. 312. Yellow Cinchona, or Calisaya Bark 

 {Cinchona Calisaya, Wedd.). A large tree, native of the 

 valley forests on the borders of Bolivia and South Peru, 

 at an elevation of 4,500 to 5,400 feet. The plant is very 

 variable in form, and several varieties have been culti- 

 vated. The richest, however, in quinine, is that known 

 as C. ledgeriana, Moens, which is grown both in the 



