Liverwort Order (//<?/j«^eW)j shown at bottom ofcASE, 



Case 135. A small order of plants closely allied to tte moss^, i'^^ 

 differing in the wall of the capsule or fruit, splittinj^ into |our 

 valves at maturity, also in the presence of spiral threads, called 

 elaters, mixed with the spores. The general structure of the 

 vegetative part is simpler that in the mosses. 



Some diagrams illustrating the structure of Marchantia are 

 shown in/ront of Gallery (lioom No. 9). 



St one wort Order (CVmmcert?). A small order of CASE 

 nqnatic plants with long slender stems, bearing whorls of leaves 142. 

 and branches. Many of the species become inctuated with 

 carbonate of lime, hence the popular name. 



Specimens and plates illustrating this order are exhibited, 

 and a diagram showing structure of Chara fragiiis^ A. Br. 

 will bo found on Gallery (Room No. i)). 



THALLOPHYTA. 



Seaweeds (^^g^)- An extensive group of plants 

 growing in salt or fresh water, or on damp ground. The 

 vegetative portion, called a thallus, is not differentiated into 

 stem and leaves. Chlorophyll is present, but the green tint is 

 often masked by the presence of other colouring matters, as 

 bright rose-red or brown. 



Some exhibit an extreme simplicity of structure, consisting 

 of single microscopic cells, as the Red Snow {Chlamijdococcus 

 nivalis^ Br., and others), which in arctic and alpine countries 

 sometimes appear in quantity. The substance of several 

 marine species is chemically similar to starch, and like it, swells 

 in boiling water. . , 



I. Ph MO liPO RE /R-^Thii seaweeds included in this order are 

 of a dark broAvn or olive-green colour, and vary in size from 

 microscopic forms to species that attain a length of hundrei^s of 

 feet, as in Macrocystis. All the species ^are reproduced asexually 

 by motile zoospores. 



No. 224. Portion of a frond of Durvillea utilis, Bory. 

 Found abundantly in the Southern Ocean, attached to rocks 

 and sometimes serving as a natural breakwater, and also as a 

 refuge for fish, Crustacea and mollusca. .it. is. eaten as food on 

 the coast of Chili. r ,,, 



No. 225. Walking sticks, umbrella handles, sword 

 handles, knife handles, &c,, made of Laminaiuan; Horn, pre- 



