INDIANS. 183 



speaks of their villages in 1766 ; thence to their recent resi- 

 dence on Rock River, and by the last tragic act in their his- 

 tory, are confined to a Hmit commencing west of the Missi- 

 sippi. We speak of the Sauks and Foxes as connected in 

 the gauntlet-like warfare they have maintained ; for they 

 appear to have been intimate allies from the earliest times. 

 The Indian name of the one tribe signifies those who went 

 out of the land* (osaukee), and the other Redearths (Mus- 

 kwakee), known by the nom de guerre of Foxes. 



" While resident at Green Bay they occupied also Lac du 

 Flambeau, and extended themselves to Lake Superior, and 

 southwest of its shores, to the Sauk and Little Sauk Rivers 

 above the Falls of St. Anthony. While thus located they 

 seem to have fallen out with the Chippewas, and leagued 

 with the Sioux, whom they have of late so strenuously 

 fought. With the aid of the latter, at first covertly given, 

 they maintained the possession of the rice lakes and mid- 

 land hunting grounds. But they were finally overthrown in 

 a general defeat at these falls by the combined Chippewa 

 bands of Lake Superior. The latter came down the St. 

 Croix by its Namakagon branch. They were led by Wah- 

 bojeeg. Their spies reached the falls without having en- 

 countered an enemy, but they unexpectedly found the Foxes 

 (whom they called Ootaighamees), with their alhes, encamped 



*Mr. Schoolcraft is probably nearly right in the etymology of the names 

 Sauki and Musquakie. In a note to the relation furnished by Maj. Mars- 

 ton, at the end of Dr. Morse's Report to the Secretary of War, it is said, 

 that Saukie means red bank, and Musquakie yellow bank, — undoubtedly 

 an error. Kebesaukie is the name for peninsula. The last half of the 

 word therefore probably corresponds with the last half of peninsula, and 

 means island, which is " out of the land" or a place in the water, given 

 to them probably because of an insular residence at some time in their 

 history. This was my own idea of the etymology of the name before I 

 saw Mr. Schoolcraft's version. Mus mean red, — and he may be right in 

 the derivation of Musquakie. 



