INDIANS. 191 



caspi, or Grand Island). On approaching it a number of 

 Indians were observed running across an elevation and point- 

 ing to a bay be3^ond. It was the best place of landing. They 

 were assiduous in directing the men to the spot. They 

 ranged themselves along the shore, fired a salute, and then 

 came eagerly to the water's edge, giving each one a hand as 

 he alighted from the canoe. He who has formed his estimate 

 of an Indian from the reading of books, in which he is de- 

 picted as cruel and morose, without any insight into his 

 social character, need only to be ushered into a scene like 

 this to be convinced that he has contemplated an overshadow- 

 ed picture. We found these Indians to be frank, cheerful, 

 and confiding. 



The present condition of the Indians in this region is very 

 favorable. They have generally lands of most exuberant 

 fertility, have farmers and blacksmiths residing among them 

 by appointment of government, receive large annuities of 

 money and goods, and have schools and religious instruction 

 also provided at the expense of the government. Some of 

 them cultivate the land, and are beginning to evince a taste for 

 the arts and condition of civilized life. The Stockbridges 

 and Brothertowns, living near Lake Michigan, have been na- 

 turalized, and become citizens of the United States. The 

 Oneidas are improving their condition. Many of them are 

 good farmers, and possess the comforts of civilized life. 

 They attend church. The Chippeways, Dalicotahs, and 

 Winnebagoes have schools. The Pottawatamies and Meno- 

 minies are without any. The Sauks also had a provision for 

 schools in their treaty of 1832. The government have also, 

 in some of the treaties, stipulated for the establishment of 

 mills, and these are maintained in some of the tribes, in ad- 

 dition to the farms and blacksmiths. Annual reports are 

 made to the government by the agents, of the numbers and 



