99 



The Pamunkies are reduced to about 10 or 12 men, to- 

 lerably pure from mixture with other colours. The 

 older ones among them preserve their language in a 

 small degree, which are the last vestiges on earth, as 

 far as we know, of the Powhatan language. They 

 have about 300 acres of very fertile land, on Pamunkey 

 river, so encompassed by water that a gate shuts in the 

 whole. Of the JVottoways, not a male is left. A few 

 women constitute the remains of that tribe. They are 

 seated on Nottoway river, in Southampton county, on 

 very fertile lands. At a very early period, certain lands 

 were marked out and appropriated to these tribes, and 

 were kept from encroachment by the authority of the 

 laws. They have usually had trustees appointed, whose 

 duty was to watch over their interests, and guard them 

 from insult and injury. 



The Monacans and their friends, better known latterly 

 by the name of the Tuscarora^,\vere probably connected 

 with the Massawomecs, or Five Nations. For though 

 we are* told their languages were so different that the 

 intervention of interpreters was necessary between 

 them, yet do we alsof learn that the Erigas, a nation 

 formerly inhabiting on the Ohio, were of the same ori- 

 ginal stock with the Five Nations, and that they par 

 took also of the Tuscarora language. Their dialects 

 might, by long separation have become so unlike as to 

 be unintelligible to one another. We know that in 

 1712, the Five Nations received the Tuscaroras into 

 their confederacy, and made them the Sixth Nation 

 They received the Meherrins and Tuteloes also into 

 their protection : and it is most probable, that the re 

 mains of many other of the tribes, of whom we find no 

 particular account, retired weslwardly in like manner, 

 and were incorporated with one or other of the western 

 tribes. (5) 



I know of no such thing existing as an Indian monu- 

 ment : for 1 would not honour with that name arrow 

 points, stone iiatchets, stone pipes, and half shapen 



* Smith. t Evans. 



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