i8 STUDIES IN INSECT LIFE, ETC. 

 and Drs. Fantham and Porter in Cambridge. 

 Whether bugs be guilty of these crimes or not, 

 they are the cause of an intense inconvenience 

 and disgust, and should, if possible, be dealt 

 with drastically. At the present time there are 

 rumours that some of our largest home camps are 

 infested with these insects, and there seems no 

 doubt that some of the prisoners and refugees 

 to this country have brought their fauna with 

 them, and this fauna is very capable of spreading 

 in concentration camps. The erection of wooden 

 huts no doubt a pressing necessity affords 

 convenient quarters for these pests. 



A third biting insect is the flea. 



Fleas are temporarily parasitic on many 

 mammals and birds, but some mammals and 

 some birds are much freer from fleas than others. 

 As the flea is only on its host for part of the 

 time, it has to put in the remainder in some other 

 place, and this, in the case of the human flea, 

 is as a rule the floor, and in the case of bird- 

 fleas the birds' nests ; from these habitats they 

 can easily regain their hosts when the latter 

 retire to rest. But numbers of Ungulates 

 deer, cattle (except when domesticated), ante- 



