ZOOLOGY IN TIME OF SHAKESPEARE 255 



oceanus," whose collection is still preserved at 

 Bologna ; by Archduke Ferdinand II., in his 

 castle of Ambras, near Innsbruck ; by Francesco 

 Calzolari (Calceolari) of Verona, after whose father 

 the flower is named ; by Berend Ten Brocke 

 (Bernardus Paludanus), 1550-1633, of Enkhuizen, 

 whose Wunder-Kammer was visited in 1592 by 

 Frederick, Duke of Wiirtemberg the " Duke de 

 Jamany " of Dr. Caius ; by Felix Plater of Basle, 

 and by many others. England, when she does 

 not lead the way, is apt in such matters to lag 

 a good deal behind other countries, though with 

 time she usually overtakes and surpasses those 

 who have initiated new ideas. In the sixteenth 

 century we had no collections that would compare 

 with those on the Continent. What natural 

 history specimens the country then possessed were 

 scattered in noblemen's libraries, in churches, and 

 in the apothecary's shop : 



" In his needy shop a tortoise hung, 

 An alligator stuff 'd, and other skins 

 Of ill-shaped fishes." 



(" Romeo and Juliet," V. i. 42.) 



Shakespeare had no great museums or collec- 

 tions, or even experts to consult. It was not till 

 far on in the seventeenth century that England 



