THE REVIVAL OF SCIENCE 299 



disappearing from current use, and the work of 

 some of Grew's contemporaries, notably Robert 

 Morison and John Ray, hastened their disappear- 

 ance. Of these two systematists Ray was, on the 

 whole, the more successful : Morison's efforts at 

 classifying the vegetable kingdom receiving much 

 criticism at the time and by no means came up 

 to the great expectations that he himself had 

 formed of them. Ray's system at any rate 

 obtained in England until the latter half of 

 the eighteenth century, when it was gradually 

 replaced by the Linnaean method of classification. 

 But Ray has other claims on our regard. He 

 and Francis Willughby, both of Trinity College, 

 Cambridge, attacked a similar problem in the 

 animal kingdom. Willughby was the only son 

 of wealthy and titled parents, whilst Ray was 

 the son of a village blacksmith. But the older 

 Universities are great levellers, and Ray suc- 

 ceeded in infusing his fellow student at Gam- 

 bridge with his own genuine love for natural 

 history. With Willughby he started out on his 

 methodical investigations of animals and plants 

 in all the accessible parts of the world. Willughby 

 died young and bequeathed a small benefaction 

 and his manuscripts to his older friend. After 



