314 STUDIES IN INSECT LIFE, ETC. 



steady and persistent hatred which will seldom 

 or never be appeased. 



As Bain has pointed out, Hatred is an appar- 

 ently permanent affection, grounded on anger 

 and other emotions which in the main are transi- 

 tory. Some wrong never mended, some standing 

 attempt to harm another, are amongst the fre- 

 quent causes which fan the flame of hate. To 

 certain dispositions hatred is by no means unplea- 

 sant : in fact it becomes at times a pleasurable 

 sensation ; but to be a really satisfactory hater 

 one must not only be irascible by nature, but 

 be placed in some more or less frequent relation- 

 ship with the object of the hatred. It is harder 

 for a citizen of Southampton to hate a dweller 

 in Saskatchewan or Saghalien than to hate a 

 fellow-citizen who lives just round the corner. 

 Rivalry, the forced submission to an unwelcome 

 authority, unequal conditions of life perpetuate 

 the emotions of hatred, which are often accentu- 

 ated and fanned by party and sectarian feeling. 

 Now, most people take a certain and often a deep 

 interest in religious and social affairs, and the 

 fact that different views on these ethical subjects 

 engender and maintain hatred shows that to a 

 certain extent the passion is a congenial one to 



