HATE 315 



man. An involuntary offence may cause anger 

 which is quickly appeased by an adequate apology ; 

 but when the involuntary offence is due to care- 

 less and complete disregard of the interest and 

 feelings of others it is less easily put right, and 

 the offended person feels himself less under an 

 obligation to suppress his anger. The same also is 

 true when the offender, well acquainted with our 

 feelings of resentment and our consciousness of 

 the harm, which we at any rate think, he is inflict- 

 ing upon us, declines to alter a course of action 

 tending to promote his own interest in entire 

 disregard of our feelings or interest. And again, 

 to quote Bain, " the fourth and highest species 

 of wrong is the case of deliberate and intended 

 offence. . . . This opens before us such a state 

 of mind, such a range of possible damage, that 

 our angry senses are deeply moved, and call for 

 vengeance/' 



We must not forget that hatred is by no means 

 always or entirely a bad passion. Hatred of evil, 

 hatred of wrong-doing may promote the progress 

 of the world, but on the whole hatred is a passion 

 which dulls the intellect and in the long run 

 weakens the individual. Still there is such a 

 thing as noble rage. 



