HATE 323 



" Trema '1 cor dentro, e t reman fuor la labbia, 

 Non puo la lingua disnodar parola, 

 La bocca ha amara e par che tosco v' habbia." 



Orl. Fur. xlii. 41. 



and again : 



" E per 1' ossa un tremor freddo gli scorre, ... 

 Con cor trafitto, e con pallida faccia, 

 E con voce tremante, e bocca amara." 



Orl. Fur. v. 40, 41. 



The description of the Fifth Circle of Dante's 

 Hell deals with Iracondi, " the souls of those whom 

 anger overcame/' 



In Purgatory again, in the Third Circle, those 

 who expiate the sin of wrath are wrapped around 

 in a dim, pungent smoke, which recalls the German 

 gases ; this, as Professor Toynbee says, " blinds 

 them as they had been blinded on earth by their 

 angry passions." There were no gas-masks in 

 Dante's Purgatory. 



Finally, William James, in his " Principles of 

 Psychology/' quotes the following description of 

 hatred from Mantegazza : 



" Withdrawal of the head backwards, with- 

 drawal of the trunk ; projection forwards of the 

 hands, as if to defend one's self against the hated 

 object ; contraction or closure of the eyes ; eleva- 

 tion of the upper lip and closure of the nose, 



