326 STUDIES IN INSECT LIFE, ETC. 



unknown at that age under ordinary circumstances 

 in any student. The sneering expression of the 

 nose is like the snarl of a dog, whilst the angles 

 of the upper lip are drawn up so as to expose the 

 canine teeth ; the nose is dilated, the upper lip 

 raised from the teeth, whilst the lower lip is 

 drawn tightly across the clenched teeth, except 

 at the outer angles. As Tait Mackenzie says : 

 " the general expression of the face is repul- 

 sive. Hate and rage predominate, with a feel- 

 ing of distress about the strained mouth and 

 neck." 



This realistic mask corresponds very accurately 

 with the classical drawing of " Rage " in Sir 

 Charles Bell's work entitled " The Anatomy and 

 Philosophy of Expression/' except for the fact 

 that in Sir Charles' figure the eyes are open and 

 somewhat staring. At any rate there can be no 

 doubt that the facial expression of hate and of 

 extreme physical effort closely correspond, and 

 we shall see later that the physiological processes 

 which produce such similar expressions are in 

 themselves identical. 



Every now and then hate boils up into rage ; 

 and we now turn to the physiological effect 

 according to one school, or to the physiological 



