1 40 Appendix. 



ings of the butterfly into the summer form, even if the 

 shape of the wings was not altered ; that is, to pro- 

 duce individuals having the winter shape but the sum- 

 mer markings. But this was not found to occur. Mr. 

 Edwards has been in the habit for several years of placing 

 the chrysalides in a warm room, or in the greenhouse, early 

 in the winter, thus causing the butterflies to emerge in 

 February, instead of in March and April, as otherwise 

 they would do. The heat in the house is 19 R. by day, 

 and not less than 3*5R. by night. But the winter form 

 of the butterfly invariably emerged, usually Tdamonides, 

 occasionally Walshii. 



EXPERIMENTS WITH PHYCIODES THAROS. 



EXP. i. In July, 1875, eggs of P. Tharos were obtained 

 on Aster Nova-Anglice in the Catskill Mountains, and 

 the young larvae, when hatched, taken to Coalburgh, 

 West Virginia. On the journey the larvae were fed on 

 various species of Aster, which they ate readily. By the 

 4th of September they had ceased feeding (after having 

 twice moulted), and slept. Two weeks later part of 

 them were again active, and fed for a day or two, when 

 they gathered in clusters and moulted for the third time, 

 then becoming lethargic, each one where it moulted with 

 the cast skin by its side. The larvae were then placed 

 in a cellar, where they remained till February ^th, when 

 those that were alive were transferred to the leaves of an 

 Aster which had been forced in a greenhouse, and 

 some commenced to feed the same day. In due time 

 they moulted twice more, making, in some cases, a total 

 of five moults. On May 5th the first larva pupated, 

 and its butterfly emerged after thirteen days. Another 

 emerged on the 3<Dth, after eight days pupal period, 

 this stage being shortened as the weather became 

 warmer. There emerged altogether 8 butterflies, 5 males 



