Appendix. 143 



B. This lot, consisting of 10 pupae, was sent from 

 the Catskills to Albany, New York, where they were 

 kept in a cool place. Between October 2ist and 

 Nov. 2nd, 6 butterflies emerged, all females, and all 

 of the var. B. Of the remaining pupae I died, and 3 

 were alive on December 2/th. According to Mr. 

 Edwards this species never hibernates in the pupal 

 state in nature. The butterflies of this lot were 

 more completely changed than were those from the 

 pupae of lot A. 



C. On September 2Oth 18 of the pupae were placed 

 in a tin box directly on the surface of the ice, the tem- 

 perature of the house being 3 4 R. Some were 

 placed in the box within three hours after transforma- 

 tion and before they had hardened ; others within six 

 hours, and others within nine hours. They were all 

 allowed to remain on the ice for seven days, that being 

 the longest summer period of the chrysalis. On being 

 removed they all appeared dead, being still soft, and 

 when they had become hard they had a shrivelled sur- 

 face. On being brought to Coalburgh they showed no 

 signs of life till October 2ist, when the weather became 

 hot (24 25 R.), and in two days 15 butterflies emerged, 

 " every one Marcia, not a doubtful form among them in 

 either sex." Of these butterflies 10 were males and 5 

 females ; of the former 5 were var. C, 4 var. D, and I 

 var. B, and of the latter I was var. C, and 4 var. D. 

 The other 3 pupae died. All the butterflies of this brood 

 were diminutive, starved by the cold, but those from the 

 ice were sensibly smaller than the others. All the ex- 

 amples of var. B were more intense in the colouring 

 of the under surface than any ever seen by Mr. 

 Edwards in nature, and the single male was as deeply 

 coloured as the females, this also never occurring in 

 nature. 



Mr. Edwards next proceeds to compare the behaviour 



