Phyl '><!//(// sm nt Mttomofpkic Sfiecies. 435 



tion of further facts, and will now proceed to in- 

 vestigate both the form-relationships within the 

 families. Here there can be no doubt that in an 

 overwhelmingly large majority of cases the phyletic 

 development has proceeded with very close 

 parallelism in both stages ; larval and imaginal 

 families agree almost completely. 



Thus, under the group Rtwpalocera there is a 

 series of families which equally well permit of 

 their being founded on the structure of the larva 

 or on that of the imago, and in which the larvae 

 and imagines therefore deviate from one another 

 to the same extent. This is the case, for instance, 

 with the families of the Pierida, Papilionidte, 

 Danaida, and Lycanida. 



But there are also families of which the limits 

 would be very different if the larvae were made the 

 basis of the classification instead of the butterflies 

 as heretofore. To this category belongs the sub- 

 family Nymphalina. Here also a very charac- 

 teristic form of caterpillar indeed prevails, but it 

 does not occur in all the genera, being replaced in 

 some by a quite different form of larva. 



In the latest catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera, 

 that of Kirby (1871), 112 genera are comprised 

 under this family. Of these most of the larvae 

 possess one or several rows of spines on most or 

 on all the segments, a character which, as thus dis- 

 posed, is not met with in any other family, 



This character is noticeable in genera i to 90, 

 F f 2 



