Appendix. 521 



appear to be an exception, but Mr. Logan points out 

 that this genus is altogether aberrant, and seems to be 

 allied to the Tortricida. Summing up the results of 

 these and the observations previously referred to, it will 

 be seen that this developmental character has now been 

 established in the case of species belonging to the 

 following families of the section Gcmtitue : Leucaniidce, 

 Apameida, Caradrinidce, Noctuidce, Orthosiida, Hadenida, 

 and Xylinida, as well as the other Trifida (excepting 

 Cyntatophora).* The larvae of the Minores and Quadri- 

 fida are as a rule semi-loopers when adult and may be 

 true loopers when young, although further observations 

 on this point are wanted. These facts point to the con- 

 clusionthat the Noctuce3& a whole are phyletically younger 

 than the Geoinetra, whilst the Genuituz and Bomby- 

 ciformes have further advanced in phyletic development 

 than the Minores and Quadrifidtz. The last two sections 

 are therefore the most closely related to the Gcomctrte, as 

 correctly shown by the arrangement given in Stainton's 

 " Manual ;" whilst that adopted in Doubleday's "Syno- 

 nymic List," where the Gcometra precede the Noctua:, 

 is most probably erroneous. 



Additional descriptions of Sphinx-larva. In the fore- 

 going essay on " The Origin of the Markings of Cater- 

 pillars," Dr. Weismann has paid special attention to the 

 larvae of the Sphingida and has utilized for this purpose, 

 in addition to his own studies of the ontogeny of many 

 European species, the figures in the chief works dealing 

 with this family published down to the time of appear- 

 ance of his essay (1876).* In order to amplify this part 



* Mr. C. V. Riley in his excellent "Annual Reports" 

 already quoted in previous notes, states that the larvae of 

 Agrotis Inermis, Ltucania Unipuncta (Army-worm), and Z. 

 Albilinea are all loopers when newly hatched. (See First Re- 

 port, p. 73 ; Eighth Report, p. 184 ; and Ninth Report, p. 53.) 



* The following species not referred to in the previous part 



