66 SURGICAL APPLIED ANATOMY, ichap. iv. 



lid, is among the most common of ophthalmic affec- 

 tions. The common stye also is a suppuration in 

 the connective tissue or in ono of the glands at 

 the margin. On everting the lid the Meibomian 

 glands can be seen through the conjunctiva as 

 lines of yellowish granules. The common tarsal 

 cyst is a retention cyst developed in one of these 

 glands. 



Two arteries supply either lid : a palpebral branch 

 of the ophthalmic running along the inner part of 

 each lid, and a branch of the lachrymal along the 

 outer part of each lid. Four nerves supply the upper 

 eyelid, the supraorbital, the supra- and infratrochlear, 

 and the lachrymal. One nerve supplies the lower lid, 

 the infraorbital. Some of the lymphatics of the eye- 

 lids enter the fore-auricular glands, hence in cases of 

 chancre of the lid the bubo has nearly always been 

 noticed in front of the parotid gland. 



The conjunctiva. The ocular part of this 

 membrane is thin, very loosely attached, and not very 

 extensively supplied with blood ; the palpebral portion 

 is thicker, more closely adherent, and more vascular. 

 At the edge of the cornea the conjunctiva becomes 

 continuous with the epithelium covering that tunic. 

 The looseness of the ocular conjunctiva allows it to be 

 freely moved about, and is of great value in some 

 operations : as, for example, in Teale's operation for 

 symblepharon, where a bridge of conjunctiva, dis- 

 sected up from the globe above the cornea, is drawn 

 down over the cornea to cover a raw surface in 

 contact with the lower lid. This lax tissue favours 

 the development of O3clema (chemosis), which in 

 extreme cases may reach such a degree that the patient 

 cannot close his eye. The vessels also, being feebly 

 supported, are prone to give way under no great 

 provocation. Thus, subconjunclival haemorrhages may 

 occur from severe vomiting, or during a paroxysm of 



