Chap, vii.] THE FACE. 103 



orifice of the dental canal. The nerve is here picked 

 up with a hook, isolated, and divided. 



The buccal nerve may be the seat of severe neu- 

 ralgia, and may be thus divided through the mouth : 

 "The surgeon places the finger-nail iipon the outer lip 

 of the anterior border of the ascending ram us of the 

 lower jaw at its centre, and divides in front of this bor- 

 der the mucous membrane and the fibres of the buccina- 

 tor vertically. He then seeks for the nerve, separating 

 the tissues with a director, and divides it " (Stimson). 



The trunk of the third division of the fifth nerve 

 has been divided at the foramen ovale through a flap 

 wound made in the cheek. Considerable damage of 

 the soft parts results. 



Mr. Wm. Rose has removed the Gasserian ganglion 

 for intractable neuralgia. A flap is made in the cheek. 

 The zygomaand coronoid process of the jaw are divided, 

 and the masseter and temporal muscles turned aside ; 

 the external pterygoid muscle is next divided, and the 

 bone around the foramen ovale removed with a 

 trephine. There is much bleeding. In the first case 

 the eye sloughed. 



Tne malar bone. Such is the firmness of this 

 bone, and so direct is its connection with the skull, 

 that violent blows upon it are very apt to be associated 

 T/ith concussion. Resting as it does upon com- 

 paratively slender bones, it is very rare for the malar 

 bone to be broken alone. It may, indeed, be driven 

 into the superior maxillary bone, fracturing that 

 structure extensively, without being itself in any way 

 damaged. A fracture of the malar bone may lead to 

 an orbital ecchymosis, precisely like that which often 

 attends a fracture of the skull base. 



2. The parotid region. The main part of the 

 parotid gland is lodged in a definite space behind the 

 ranms of the lower jaw. This space is increased in 

 size when the head is extended, and when the inferior 



