Chip, viii.j THE PALATE, 127 



anterior border of the sterno-mastoid muscle as far as 

 the liyoid bone, whence it turns upwards along the 

 anterior belly of the digastric muscle. 



In the removal of the entire organ, the following 

 parts are of necessity divided : The fraenum, tho 

 mucous membrane along the sides of the tongue, the 

 glosso-epiglottic folds, the genio-hyo-glossus, hyo- 

 glossus, stylo-glossus, palato-glossus muscles, the few 

 fibres of the superior and inferior linguales muscles 

 that are attached to the hyoid bone, the terminal 

 branches of the gustatory, glosso-pharyngeal, and hypo- 

 glossal nerves, the lingual vessels, and, at the side of 

 the tongue near its base, some branches of the ascend- 

 ing pharyngeal arteiy, and of the tonsilar branch of 

 the facial artery. 



Bleeding from the stump of the tongue, after re- 

 moval, can be instantly and almost entirely arrested 

 by pressing the root of the tongue forwards by two 

 fingers passed down behind it into the pharynx. The 

 lingual arteries as they lie divided in the floor of the 

 mouth are difficult to secure. They are embedded in 

 muscle, and appear to be peculiarly brittle. 



When both linguals have been ligatured in the 

 neck (through the hyo-glossus muscle) before removing 

 the tongue, bleeding still takes place from the dorsalis 

 linguae branches of the lingual and from small bran- 

 ches of the ascending pharyngeal and facial arteries. 



The palate. The arch of the hard palate varies 

 in height and shape in different individuals, and it 

 has been said that the arch is particularly narrow and 

 high in congenital idiots. The outline of this arch is 

 of some moment in operations upon the palate. 



Cleft palate. The palate is often the seat of a 

 congenital cleft. The cleft is precisely in the middle 

 line. It may involve the uvula or the soft palate 

 alone, or may extend forwards and involve the hard 

 palate as far as the alveolus. If it extend beyond the 



